Organ Location Map/System Distribution of Pungent Flavor Compounds’ Targets

Acetaldehyde (systematic name ethanal) is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH3CHO, sometimes abbreviated by chemists as MeCHO (Me = methyl). It is one of the most important aldehydes, occurring widely in nature and being produced on a large scale in industry. Acetaldehyde occurs naturally in coffee, bread, and ripe fruit, and is produced by plants.

Acetaldehyde is the first metabolite of ethanol and has the potential to react with proteins and alter their function. Acetaldehyde is the first metabolite of ethanol and has the potential to react with proteins and alter their function.

Acetaldehyde is an intermediate by-product in normal carbohydrate metabolism. It is known to psychopharmacologists as the first metabolite of alcohol that is eliminated primarily through oxidation by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver. Acetaldehyde has pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular system, the liver, monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism, brain function, and behavior. At high levels, it can be toxic, causing headache, facial flushing, nausea and vomiting, tachycardia, headache, sweating, dizziness, and confusion.

Acetaldehyde is the key intermediate both in alcoholic fermentation and ethanol oxidation. Furthermore, it is the most abundant carcinogenic compound of tobacco smoke. Acetaldehyde is a highly active and toxic substance that has been surmised to play an etiological role in the development of alcoholic liver damage (Lieber 1980).

Acetaldehyde oxidation is primarily catalyzed with the aldehyde dehydrogenase encoded by the gene ALDH2 and to some extent with the enzyme encoded by the gene ALDH1A1.

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