2D Structure
3D Structure
| Properties | |
|---|---|
| PID | PID00008 |
| Mol. Weight | 150.221 g/mol |
| LogP | 3.49 |
| Water solubility | 1.25 mg/mL at 25 °C |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor | 1 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor | 1 |
| Rotatable Bonds | 1 |
| XLogP3 | 3.1 |
| Identifiers | |
|---|---|
| Formula | C10H14O |
| PubChem CID | 10364 |
| FEMA | 2245 |
| Flavor Profile | characteristic pungent, warm odor |
| Smiles | CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(C)C)O |
| InChl Key | RECUKUPTGUEGMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChl | InChI=1S/C10H14O/c1-7(2)9-5-4-8(3)10(11)6-9/h4-7,11H,1-3H3 |
| CAS Registry Number | 499-75-2 |
| IUPAC Systematic Name | 2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylphenol |
Organ Location Map/System Distribution of Pungent Flavor Compounds’ Targets
Note: Known Targets (Gene) from 6952 literatures, DrugBank (http://www.drugbank.ca/), STITCH (http://stitch.embl.de/), ChEMBL (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/), Therapeutic Target Database (http://bidd.nus.edu.sg/group/ttd/), and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD, http://ctdbase.org/)
| English Name | Pinyin Name (Chinese Name) | Latin Name | Properties in TCM | merdians | View Graph |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Siebold Wildginger Equivalent plant: Asarum hetero | Xi Xin (细辛) | Asari Radix Et Rhizoma | Warm,Pungent | Lung, Kidney, Heart | View Graph |
| Chinese Angelica Equivalent plant: Phlojodicarpus | Dang Gui (当归) | Angelicae Sinensis Radix | Warm,Pungent,Sweet | Spleen,Liver,Heart | View Graph |
| Chinese Thorowax Equivalent plant: Bupleurum scorz | Chai Hu(柴胡) | Bupleuri Radix | Minor cold, Pungent, Bitter | Liver, Gallbladder, Lung | View Graph |
| Safflower | Hong Hua (红花) | Carthami Flos | Warm,Pungent | Liver, Heart | View Graph |
| Clove Tree | Ding Xiang (丁香) | Caryophylli Flos | Warm,Pungent | Spleen, Stomach, Kidney, Lung | View Graph |
| Cassiabarktree Twig | Gui Zhi (桂枝) | Cinnamomi Ramulus | Warm,Pungent,Sweet | Lung,Bladder,Heart | View Graph |
| Fresh Common Ginger | Sheng Jiang (生姜) | Zingiber Rhizoma Recens | Warm, Pungent | Lung, Spleen, Stomach | View Graph |
| Haichow Elsholtzia | Xiang Ru (香薷) | Moslae Herba | Minor Warm,Pungent | Lung, Stomach | View Graph |
Carvacrol exhibits analgesic activity, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, antimicrobial activity, vasodilative effects, antihyperlipidemic effect, hepatoprotective activity, anticancer, antiproliferative activityit, anticancer,antiproliferative activity, increases the liver regeneration rate, a skin sensitizer or allergen, treatment of neonatal stroke, potent natural acaricide, mitigates proconvulsive effect, Exerts Neuroprotective Effects, Attenuates Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Deficits Fungicidal activity, Gastroprotective activity, lung inflammation changes, Acaricidal activityagainst myocardial ischemia, etc. Carvacrol could increases the liver regeneration rate.
Note: Click anywhere in the blank, you can drag the whole dynamic diagram. Click on a node, you can drag his location to see it more clearly. The blue circle represents pharmacology, toxicology, or daily use. Orange hexagon represents the pungent compounds.
1. Hotta M, Nakata R, Katsukawa M, et al. Carvacrol, a component of thyme oil, activates PPAR and and suppresses COX-2 expressionJ.. Journal of lipid research, 2010, 51(1): 132-139.
2. Guimar?es A G, Xavier M A, de Santana M T, et al. Carvacrol attenuates mechanical hypernociception and inflammatory responseJ.. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2012, 385(3): 253-263.
3. Karioti A, Vrahimi-Hadjilouca T, Droushiotis D, et al. Analysis of the essential oil of Origanum dubium growing wild in Cyprus. Investigation of its antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activityJ.. Planta medica, 2006, 72(14): 1330.
4. K?l?? Y, Geyikoglu F, ?olak S, et al. Carvacrol modulates oxidative stress and decreases cell injury in pancreas of rats with acute pancreatitis[J]. Cytotechnology, 2016, 68(4): 1243-1256.
5. Ravishankar S, Zhu L, Reyna-Granados J, et al. Carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde inactivate antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica in buffer and on celery and oystersJ.. Journal of food protection, 2010, 73(2): 234-240.
6. Rivas L, McDonnell M J, Burgess C M, et al. Inhibition of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli in model broth and rumen systems by carvacrol and thymolJ.. International journal of food microbiology, 2010, 139(1-2): 70-78.
7. Johny A K, Hoagland T, Venkitanarayanan K. Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of plant-derived molecules in increasing the sensitivity of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 to antibioticsJ.. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2010, 7(10): 1165-1170.
8. Vardar-nl G, Ya?muro?lu A, nl M. Evaluation of in vitro activity of carvacrol against Candida albicans strainsJ.. Natural product research, 2010, 24(12): 1189-1193.
9. Khan A, Ahmad A, Khan L A, et al. Effect of two monoterpene phenols on antioxidant defense system in Candida albicansJ.. Microbial pathogenesis, 2015, 80: 50-56.
10. Kunle O, Okogun J, Egamana E, et al. Antimicrobial activity of various extracts and carvacrol from Lippia multiflora leaf extractJ.. Phytomedicine, 2003, 10(1): 59-61.
11. Arigesavan K, Sudhandiran G. Carvacrol exhibits anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against 1, 2-dimethyl hydrazine plus dextran sodium sulfate induced inflammation associated carcinogenicity in the colon of Fischer 344 rats J.. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2015, 461(2): 314-320.
12. Uyanoglu M, Canbek M, Aral E, et al. Effects of carvacrol upon the liver of rats undergoing partial hepatectomyJ.. Phytomedicine, 2008, 15(3): 226-229.
13. Cho S, Choi Y, Park S, et al. Carvacrol prevents diet-induced obesity by modulating gene expressions involved in adipogenesis and inflammation in mice fed with high-fat dietJ.. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 2012, 23(2): 192-201.
14. Kim S, Jin Y, Choi Y, et al. Resveratrol exerts anti-obesity effects via mechanisms involving down-regulation of adipogenic and inflammatory processes in miceJ.. Biochemical pharmacology, 2011, 81(11): 1343-1351.
15. Suntres Z E, Coccimiglio J, Alipour M. The bioactivity and toxicological actions of carvacrolJ.. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 2015, 55(3): 304-318.
16. Earley S, Gonzales A L, Garcia Z I. A dietary agonist of transient receptor potential cation channel V3 elicits endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Mol Pharmacol 77: 612C620J.. 2010.
17. Aristatile B, Al-Numair K S, Al-Assaf A H, et al. Pharmacological effect of carvacrol on D-galactosamine-induced mitochondrial enzymes and DNA damage by single-cell gel electrophoresisJ.. Journal of natural medicines, 2011, 65(3-4): 568-577.
18. Aristatile B, Al-Numair K S, Veeramania C, et al. Antihyperlipidemic effect of carvacrol on D-galactosamine induced hepatotoxic ratsJ.. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2009, 20(1): 15-28.
19. Canbek M, Uyanoglu M, Bayramoglu G, et al. Effects of carvacrol on defects of ischemia-reperfusion in the rat liverJ.. Phytomedicine, 2008, 15(6-7): 447-452.
20. Yin Q, Yan F, Zu X Y, et al. Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect of carvacrol on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG-2J.. Cytotechnology, 2012, 64(1): 43-51.
21. He L, Mo H, Hadisusilo S, et al. Isoprenoids suppress the growth of murine B16 melanomas in vitro and in vivoJ.. The Journal of nutrition, 1997, 127(5): 668-674.
22. Horvathova E, Turcaniova V, Slamenova D. Comparative study of DNA-damaging and DNA-protective effects of selected components of essential plant oils in human leukemic cells K562J.. Neoplasma, 2007, 54(6): 478-483.
23. Cui T, Wang G, Wei N, et al. A pivotal role for the activation of TRPV3 channel in itch sensations induced by the natural skin sensitizer carvacrolJ.. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2018, 39(3): 331.
24. Bae C Y J, Sun H. Current understanding of TRPM7 pharmacology and drug development for strokeJ.. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2013, 34(1): 10.
25. Tabari M A, Youssefi M R, Barimani A, et al. Carvacrol as a potent natural acaricide against Dermanyssus gallinaeJ.. Parasitology research, 2015, 114(10): 3801-3806.
26. da Silva Lima M, Quintans-Jnior L J, de Santana W A, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of carvacrol: evidence for a key role of interleukin-10J.. European journal of pharmacology, 2013, 699(1-3): 112-117.
27. Sadegh M, Sakhaie M H. Carvacrol mitigates proconvulsive effects of lipopolysaccharide, possibly through the hippocampal cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitionJ.. Metabolic brain disease, 2018: 1-6.
28. Li Z, Hua C, Pan X, et al. Carvacrol exerts neuroprotective effects via suppression of the inflammatory response in middle cerebral artery occlusion ratsJ.. Inflammation, 2016, 39(4): 1566-1572.
29. Deng W, Lu H, Teng J. Carvacrol attenuates diabetes-associated cognitive deficits in ratsJ.. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2013, 51(3): 813-819.
30. Joca H C, Vieira D C O, Vasconcelos A P, et al. Carvacrol modulates voltage-gated sodium channels kinetics in dorsal root gangliaJ.. European journal of pharmacology, 2015, 756: 22-29.
31. Ahmad A, Khan A, Akhtar F, et al. Fungicidal activity of thymol and carvacrol by disrupting ergosterol biosynthesis and membrane integrity against CandidaJ.. European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases, 2011, 30(1): 41-50.
32. Oliveira I S, da Silva F V, Viana A F S C, et al. Gastroprotective activity of carvacrol on experimentally induced gastric lesions in rodentsJ.. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2012, 385(9): 899-908.
33. Landa P, Kokoska L, Pribylova M, et al. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of carvacrol: Inhibitory effect on COX-2 catalyzed prostaglandin E 2 biosynthesisbJ.. Archives of pharmacal research, 2009, 32(1): 75-78.
34. Boskabady M H, Mahtaj L G. Lung inflammation changes and oxidative stress induced by cigarette smoke exposure in guinea pigs affected by Zataria multiflora and its constituent, carvacrolJ.. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2015, 15(1): 39.
35. Shang X, Wang Y, Zhou X, et al. Acaricidal activity of oregano oil and its major component, carvacrol, thymol and p-cymene against Psoroptes cuniculi in vitro and in vivoJ.. Veterinary parasitology, 2016, 226: 93-96.
36. Koc S, Oz E, Cinbilgel I, et al. Acaricidal activity of Origanum bilgeri PH Davis (Lamiaceae) essential oil and its major component, carvacrol against adults Rhipicephalus turanicus (Acari: Ixodidae)J.. Veterinary parasitology, 2013, 193(1-3): 316-319.
37. Cetin H, Cilek J E, Oz E, et al. Acaricidal activity of Satureja thymbra L. essential oil and its major components, carvacrol and -terpinene against adult Hyalomma marginatum (Acari: Ixodidae)J.. Veterinary parasitology, 2010, 170(3-4): 287-290.
38. Chen Y, Ba L, Huang W, et al. Role of carvacrol in cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through activation of MAPK/ERK and Akt/eNOS signaling pathways[J]. European journal of pharmacology, 2017, 796: 90-100.